求知若飢，虛心若愚 Stay hungry, stay foolish
史帝夫．賈伯斯 2005年6月12日對美國史丹福大學
畢業生演講全文........
今天，有榮幸來到各位從世界上最好的學校之一
畢業的畢業典禮上。我從來沒從大學畢業。
說實話，這是我離大學畢業最近的一刻。
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for
your commencement from one of the finest
universities in the world. Truth be told,
I never graduated from college and this is the
closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
畢業的畢業典禮上。我從來沒從大學畢業。
說實話，這是我離大學畢業最近的一刻。
Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for
your commencement from one of the finest
universities in the world. Truth be told,
I never graduated from college and this is the
closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.
今天，我只說三個故事，不談大道理，三個故事
就好。
Today I want to tell you three stories from my life.
That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.
第一個故事，是關於人生中的點點滴滴怎麼串連
在一起。The first story is about connecting the dots.
我在里德學院（Reed college）待了六個月就辦
休學了。到我退學前，一共休學了十八個月。
那麼，我為什麼休學？這得從我出生前講起。
我的親生母親當時是個研究生，年輕未婚媽媽，
她決定讓別人收養我。她強烈覺得應該讓有大學
畢業的人收養我，所以我出生時，她就準備讓
我被一對律師夫婦收養。
但是這對夫妻到了最後一刻反悔了，他們想收養
女孩。所以在等待收養名單上的一對夫妻，我的
養父母，在一天半夜裡接到一通電話，問他們
「有一名意外出生的男孩，你們要認養他嗎？」
而他們的回答是「當然要」。後來，我的生母
發現，我現在的媽媽從來沒有大學畢業，我現在
的爸爸則連高中畢業也沒有。她拒絕在認養文件
上做最後簽字。直到幾個月後，我的養父母同意
將來一定會讓我上大學，她才軟化態度。
I dropped out of Reed College after the first six
months but then stayed around as a drop-in for
another eighteen months or so before I really quit.
So why did I drop out? It started before I was born.
My biological mother was a young, unwed
graduate student, and she decided to put me up
for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be
adopted by college graduates, so everything was
all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer
and his wife, except that when I popped out,
they decided at the last minute that they really
wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a
waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night
asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy.
Do you want him?" They said, "Of course."
My biological mother found out later that my
mother had never graduated from college and
that my father had never graduated from high
school. She refused to sign the final adoption
papers. She only relented a few months later
when my parents promised that I would go to
college.
十七年後，我上大學了。但是當時我無知選了一
所學費幾乎跟史丹佛一樣貴的大學，我那工人階級
的父母所有積蓄都花在我的學費上。六個月後，
我看不出唸這個書的價值何在。
那時候，我不知道這輩子要幹什麼，也不知道唸
大學能對我有什麼幫助，而且我為了唸這個書，
花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄，所以我決定休學，
相信船到橋頭自然直。當時這來相當可怕，可是
現在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。
當我休學之後，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，
把時間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。
This was the start in my life. And seventeen years
later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a
college that was almost as expensive as Stanford,
and all of my working-class parents' savings were
being spent on my college tuition. After six months,
I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I
wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how
college was going to help me figure it out, and
here I was, spending all the money my parents had
saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and
trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary
at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best
decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out,
I could stop taking the required classes that didn't
interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that
大學能對我有什麼幫助，而且我為了唸這個書，
花光了我父母這輩子的所有積蓄，所以我決定休學，
相信船到橋頭自然直。當時這來相當可怕，可是
現在看來，那是我這輩子做過最好的決定之一。
當我休學之後，我再也不用上我沒興趣的必修課，
把時間拿去聽那些我有興趣的課。
This was the start in my life. And seventeen years
later, I did go to college, but I naively chose a
college that was almost as expensive as Stanford,
and all of my working-class parents' savings were
being spent on my college tuition. After six months,
I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I
wanted to do with my life, and no idea of how
college was going to help me figure it out, and
here I was, spending all the money my parents had
saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and
trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary
at the time, but looking back, it was one of the best
decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out,
I could stop taking the required classes that didn't
interest me and begin dropping in on the ones that
looked far more interesting.
這一點也不浪漫。我沒有宿舍，所以我睡在友人
家裡的地板上，靠著回收可樂空罐的五先令退費
買吃的，每個星期天晚上得走七哩的路繞過大半
個鎮去印度教的 Hare Krishna 神廟吃頓好料。
我喜歡Hare Krishna神廟的好料。
追尋我的好奇與直覺，我所駐足的大部分事物，
後來看來都成了無價之寶。
It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room,
so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned
Coke bottles for the five-cent deposits to buy
food with, and I would walk the seven miles
across town every Sunday night to get one good
meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it.
And much of what I stumbled into by following my
curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless
later on.
舉例來說：當時里德學院有著大概是全國最好的
書法指導。在整個校園內的每一張海報上，每個
抽屜的標籤上，都是美麗的手寫字。因為我休學
了，可以不照正常選課程序來，所以我跑去學
書法。我學了serif 與san serif 字體，學到在不同
字母組合間變更字間距，學到活版印刷偉大的
地方。書法的美好、歷史感與藝術感是科學所
無法捕捉的，我覺得那很迷人。
Let me give you one example. Reed College at
that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy
instruction in the country. Throughout the campus
every poster, every label on every drawer was
beautifully hand-calligraphed. Because I had
dropped out and didn't have to take the normal
classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to
learn how to do this. I learned about serif and
sans-serif typefaces, about varying the amount of
space between different letter combinations,
about what makes great typography great. It was
beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way
that science can't capture, and I found it
fascinating.
beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way
that science can't capture, and I found it
fascinating.
我沒預期過學的這些東西能在我生活中起些
什麼實際作用，不過十年後，當我在設計第一台
麥金塔時，我想起了當時所學的東西，所以把
這些東西都設計進了麥金塔裡，這是第一台
能印刷出漂亮東西的電腦。
None of this had even a hope of any practical
application in my life. But ten years later when
we were designing the first Macintosh computer,
it all came back to me, and we designed it all into
the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful
typography. If I had never dropped in on that
single course in college, the Mac would have
never had multiple typefaces or proportionally
spaced fonts, and since Windows just copied
the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer
would have them.
如果我沒沉溺於那樣一門課裡，麥金塔可能就
不會有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因為
Windows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當年
我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個人電腦都不
不會有多重字體跟變間距字體了。又因為
Windows抄襲了麥金塔的使用方式，如果當年
我沒這樣做，大概世界上所有的個人電腦都不
會有這些東西，印不出現在我們看到的漂亮的
字來了。
If I had never dropped out, I would have never
dropped in on that calligraphy class and
personals computers might not have the
wonderful typography that they do.
字來了。
If I had never dropped out, I would have never
dropped in on that calligraphy class and
personals computers might not have the
wonderful typography that they do.
當然，當我還在大學裡時，不可能把這些點點
滴滴預先串在一起，但是這在十年後回顧，就
顯得非常清楚。我再說一次，你不能預先把點點
滴滴串在一起；唯有未來回顧時，你才會明白
那些點點滴滴是如何串在一起的。
Of course it was impossible to connect the dots
looking forward when I was in college, but it
was very, very clear looking backwards 10
years later. Again, you can't connect the dots
looking forward. You can only connect them looking
backwards, so you have to trust that the dots will
somehow connect in your future.
所以你得相信，你現在所體會的東西，將來多少
會連接在一塊。你得信任某個東西，直覺也好，
命運也好，生命也好，或者業力。這種作法從來
沒讓我失望，也讓我的人生整個不同起來。
You have to trust in something--your gut, destiny,
life, karma, whatever--because believing that the
dots will connect down the road will give you the
confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads
you off the well- worn path, and that will make all
the difference.
我的第二個故事，有關愛與失去。
My second story is about love and loss.
My second story is about love and loss.
我好運－年輕時就發現自己愛做什麼事。
我二十歲時，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸媽的車庫
裡開始了蘋果電腦的事業。我們拼命工作，
蘋果電腦在十年間從一間車庫裡的兩個小夥子擴
我二十歲時，跟Steve Wozniak在我爸媽的車庫
裡開始了蘋果電腦的事業。我們拼命工作，
蘋果電腦在十年間從一間車庫裡的兩個小夥子擴
展成了一家員工超過四千人、市價二十億美金的
公司，在那一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，
而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個年頭，然後被
炒魷魚。
I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life.
Woz nd I started Apple in my parents' garage
when I was twenty. We worked hard and in ten
years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a
garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000
employees. We'd just released our finest
公司，在那一年推出了我們最棒的作品－麥金塔，
而我才剛邁入人生的第三十個年頭，然後被
炒魷魚。
I was lucky. I found what I loved to do early in life.
Woz nd I started Apple in my parents' garage
when I was twenty. We worked hard and in ten
years, Apple had grown from just the two of us in a
garage into a $2 billion company with over 4,000
employees. We'd just released our finest
creation, the Macintosh, a year earlier, and I'd
just turned thirty, and then I got fired.
just turned thirty, and then I got fired.
要怎麼讓自己創辦的公司炒自己魷魚？
How can you get fired from a company you
started?
好吧，當蘋果電腦成長後，我請了一個我以為
他在經營公司上很有才幹的傢伙來，他在頭幾年
也確實幹得不錯。可是我們對未來的願景不同，
最後只好分道揚鑣，董事會站在他那邊，炒了
我魷魚，公開把我請了出去。曾經是我整個成年
生活重心的東西不見了，令我不知所措。
有幾個月，我實在不知道要幹什麼好。我覺得
我令企業界的前輩們失望－我把他們交給我的
接力棒弄丟了。我見了創辦HP的David Packard
跟創辦Intel的Bob Noyce，跟他們說我很抱歉
把事情搞砸得很厲害了。我成了公眾的非常負面
示範，我甚至想要離開矽谷。但是漸漸的，
我發現，我還是喜愛著我做過的事情，
在蘋果的日子經歷的事件沒有絲毫改變
我愛做的事。我被否定了，可是我還是愛做
那些事情，所以我決定從頭來過。
Well, as Apple grew, we hired someone who I
thought was very talented to run the company
with me, and for the first year or so, things went
well. But then our visions of the future began to
diverge, and eventually we had a falling out.
When we did, our board of directors sided
with him, and so at thirty, I was out, and very
publicly out. What had been the focus of my
entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
I felt that I had let the previous generation of
with him, and so at thirty, I was out, and very
publicly out. What had been the focus of my
entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
I really didn't know what to do for a few months.
I felt that I had let the previous generation of
entrepreneurs down, that I had dropped the
baton as it was being passed to me. I met with
David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to
apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very
public failure and I even thought about running
away from the Valley. But something slowly
began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did.
The turn of events at Apple had not changed that
one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love.
baton as it was being passed to me. I met with
David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to
apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very
public failure and I even thought about running
away from the Valley. But something slowly
began to dawn on me. I still loved what I did.
The turn of events at Apple had not changed that
one bit. I'd been rejected but I was still in love.
And so I decided to start over.
當時我沒發現，但是現在看來，被蘋果電腦開除，
是我所經歷過最好的事情。成功的沉重被從頭
來過的輕鬆所取代，每件事情都不那麼確定，
讓我自由進入這輩子最有創意的年代。
接下來五年，我開了一家叫做 NeXT的公司，
又開一家叫做 Pixar的公司，也跟後來的老婆談
起了戀愛。Pixar接著製作了世界上第一部全電腦
動畫電影，玩具總動員，現在是世界上最成功的
動畫製作公司。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting
fired from Apple was the best thing that could
have ever happened to me. The heaviness of
being successful was replaced by the lightness
of being a beginner again, less sure about
everything. It freed me to enter one of the most
creative periods in my life. During the
next five years I started a company named NeXT,
another company named Pixar and fell in love
with an amazing woman who would become my
是我所經歷過最好的事情。成功的沉重被從頭
來過的輕鬆所取代，每件事情都不那麼確定，
讓我自由進入這輩子最有創意的年代。
接下來五年，我開了一家叫做 NeXT的公司，
又開一家叫做 Pixar的公司，也跟後來的老婆談
起了戀愛。Pixar接著製作了世界上第一部全電腦
動畫電影，玩具總動員，現在是世界上最成功的
動畫製作公司。
I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting
fired from Apple was the best thing that could
have ever happened to me. The heaviness of
being successful was replaced by the lightness
of being a beginner again, less sure about
everything. It freed me to enter one of the most
creative periods in my life. During the
next five years I started a company named NeXT,
another company named Pixar and fell in love
with an amazing woman who would become my
wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first
computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story,"
and is now the most successful animation studio
in the world.
computer-animated feature film, "Toy Story,"
and is now the most successful animation studio
in the world.
然後，蘋果電腦買下了NeXT，我回到了蘋果，
我們在NeXT發展的技術成了蘋果電腦後來復興
的核心。我也有了個美妙的家庭。
In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT
and I returned to Apple and the technology we
developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's
current renaissance, and Lorene and I have
a wonderful family together.
我很確定，如果當年蘋果電腦沒開除我，就不會
發生這些事情。這帖藥很苦口，可是我想蘋果
電腦這個病人需要這帖藥。有時候，人生會用
磚頭打你的頭。不要喪失信心。我確信，
我愛我所做的事情，這就是這些年來讓我繼續
走下去的唯一理由。你得找出你愛的，
工作上是如此，對情人也是如此。
I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened
if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was
awful-tasting medicine but I guess the patient
needed it. Sometimes life's going to hit you
in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith.
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me
going was that I loved what I did. You've got to
find what you love, and that is as true for work
I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me
going was that I loved what I did. You've got to
find what you love, and that is as true for work
as it is for your lovers.
你的工作將填滿你的一大塊人生，唯一獲得
真正滿足的方法就是做你相信是偉大的工作，
而唯一做偉大工作的方法是愛你所做的事。
如果你還沒找到這些事，繼續找，別停頓。
盡你全心全力，你知道你一定會找到。而且，
如同任何偉大的關係，事情只會隨著時間愈來
愈好。 所以，在你找到之前，繼續找，別停頓。
Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,
and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do
what you believe is great work, and the only way
to do great work is to love what you do. If you
haven't found it yet, keep looking, and don't settle.
As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when
you find it, and like any great relationship it just
gets better and better as the years roll on.
So keep looking. Don't settle.
我的第三個故事，關於死亡。
My third story is about death.
當我十七歲時，我讀到一則格言，好像是
「把每一天都當成生命中的最後一天，你就會
輕鬆自在。」這對我影響深遠，在過去33年裡，
我每天早上都會照鏡子，自問：「如果今天是
此生最後一日，我今天要幹些什麼？」每當我
連續太多天都得到一個「沒事做」的答案時，
我就知道我必須有所變革了。提醒自己快死了，
是我在人生中下重大決定時，所用過最重要的
工具。因為幾乎每件事－所有外界期望、所有
名譽、所有對困窘或失敗的恐懼－在面對死亡時，
都消失了，只有最重要的東西才會留下。
提醒自己快死了，是我所知避免掉入自己有東西
要失去了的陷阱裡最好的方法。
When I was 17 I read a quote that went something
like "If you live each day as if it was your last,
someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an
impression on me, and since then, for the past 33
years, I have looked in the mirror every morning
and asked myself, "If today were the last day of
my life, would I want to do what I am about to do
today?" And whenever the answer has been "no"
for too many days in a row, I know I need to
change something. Remembering that I'll be dead
soon is the most important thing I've ever
encountered to help me make the big choices
in life, because almost everything--all external
expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment
or failure--these things just fall away in the face of
death, leaving only what is truly important.
Remembering that you are going to die is the
best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you
have something to lose.
best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you
have something to lose.
人生不帶來，死不帶去，沒什麼道理不順心而為。
You are already naked. There is no reason not to
follow your heart.
一年前，我被診斷出癌症。我在早上七點半作
斷層掃描，在胰臟清楚出現一個腫瘤，我連胰臟
是什麼都不知道。醫生告訴我，那幾乎可以確定
是一種不治之症，我大概活不到三到六個月了。
醫生建議我回家，好好跟親人們聚一聚，這是
醫生對臨終病人的標準建議。那代表你得試著在
幾個月內把你將來十年想跟小孩講的話講完。
那代表你得把每件事情搞定，家人才會盡量輕鬆。
那代表你得跟人說再見了。
About a year ago, I was diagnosed with cancer.
I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning and it clearly
showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even
know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me
this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is
incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer
than three to six months. My doctor advised me to
go home and get my affairs in order, which is
doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to
try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd
have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few
months. It means to make sure that everything is
buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible
for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
go home and get my affairs in order, which is
doctors' code for "prepare to die." It means to
try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd
have the next ten years to tell them, in just a few
months. It means to make sure that everything is
buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible
for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.
我整天想著那個診斷結果，那天晚上做了一次
切片，從喉嚨伸入一個內視鏡，從胃進腸子，
插了根針進胰臟，取了一些腫瘤細胞出來。
我打了鎮靜劑，不醒人事，但是我老婆在場。
她後來跟我說，當醫生們用顯微鏡看過那些
細胞後，他們都哭了，因為那是非常少見的一種
胰臟癌，可以用手術治好。所以我接受了手術，
康復了。
I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that
evening I had a biopsy where they stuck an
endoscope down my throat, through my stomach
into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas
and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated
but my wife, who was there, told me that when they
viewed the cells under a microscope, the doctor
started crying, because it turned out to be a
very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is
curable with surgery. I had the surgery and,
thankfully, I am fine now.
這是我最接近死亡的時候，我希望那會繼續是
未來幾十年內最接近的一次。經歷此事後，
我可以比之前死亡只是抽象概念時要更肯定告訴
你們下面這些：
This was the closest I've been to facing death,
and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more
decades. Having lived through it, I can now say
this to you with a bit more certainty than when
death was a useful but purely intellectual
concept.
沒有人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也想
活著上天堂。但是死亡是我們共有的目的地，
沒有人逃得過。這是註定的，因為死亡簡直
就是生命中最棒的發明，是生命變化的媒介，
送走老人們，給新生代留下空間。現在你們是
新生代，但是不久的將來，你們也會逐漸變老，
被送出人生的舞台。抱歉講得這麼戲劇化，
但是這是真的。
No one wants to die, even people who want to
go to Heaven don't want to die to get there,
and yet, death is the destination we all share.
No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it
should be, because death is very likely the
single best invention of life. It's life's change
agent; it clears out the old to make way for the
new. right now, the new is you. But someday,
not too long from now, you will gradually become
the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so
dramatic, but it's quite true.
新生代，但是不久的將來，你們也會逐漸變老，
被送出人生的舞台。抱歉講得這麼戲劇化，
但是這是真的。
No one wants to die, even people who want to
go to Heaven don't want to die to get there,
and yet, death is the destination we all share.
No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it
should be, because death is very likely the
single best invention of life. It's life's change
agent; it clears out the old to make way for the
new. right now, the new is you. But someday,
not too long from now, you will gradually become
the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so
dramatic, but it's quite true.
你們的時間有限，所以不要浪費時間活在別人
的生活裡。不要被信條所惑－盲從信條就是
活在別人思考結果裡。不要讓別人的意見
淹沒了你內在的心聲。最重要的，擁有跟隨
內心與直覺的勇氣，你的內心與直覺多少已經
知道你真正想要成為什麼樣的人。任何其他
事物都是次要的。
Your time is limited, so don't waste it living
someone else's life. Don't be trapped by
dogma, which is living with the results of other
people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others'
opinions drown out your own inner voice,
heart and intuition. They somehow already
know what you truly want to become.
Everything else is secondary.
在我年輕時，有本神奇的雜誌叫做 Whole Earth
Catalog，當年我們很迷這本雜誌。那是一位住
在離這不遠的 Menlo Park的Stewart Brand發行的，
他把雜誌辦得很有詩意。那是 1960年代末期，
個人電腦跟桌上出版還沒發明，所有內容都是
打字機、剪刀跟拍立得相機做出來的。
雜誌內容有點像印在紙上的Google，在Google
出現之前 35年就有了：理想化，充滿新奇工具
與神奇的註記。 Stewart跟他的出版團隊出了
好幾期Whole Earth Catalog，然後出了停刊號。
當時是1970年代中期，我正是你們現在這個
年齡的時候。在停刊號的封底，有張早晨鄉間
小路的照片，那種你去爬山時會經過的鄉間小路。
When I was young, there was an amazing
publication called The Whole Earth Catalogue,
which was one of the bibles of my generation.
It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand
not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought
it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the
late Sixties, before personal computers and
desktop publishing, so it was all made with
typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras.
it was sort of like Google in paperback form
thirty-five years before Google came along.
I was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and
great notions. Stewart and his team put out
several issues of the The Whole Earth Catalogue,
and then when it had run its course, they put out
a final issue. It was the mid-Seventies and I was
your age. On the back cover of their final issue
was a photograph of an early morning country
road, the kind you might find yourself
hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous.
在照片下有行小字：「求知若飢，虛心若愚」
那是他們親筆寫下的告別訊息，我總是以此自許。
當你們畢業，展開新生活，我也以此期許你們：
「求知若飢，虛心若愚」
Beneath were the words, "Stay hungry, stay foolish.
" It was their farewell message as they signed off.
"Stay hungry, stay foolish." And I have always
wished that for myself, and now, as you graduate
to begin anew, I wish that for you.
Stay hungry, stay foolish.
非常謝謝大家。Thank you all, very much.
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